Deuterium oxide application: Fiber Optics

Fig 1.Deuterium oxide can be used to manufacture the Fiber Optics

 

The distinctive behavior arising out of the isotope & deuterium bonding effects have found potential use in various industrial scopes. Various applications have been developed in the high tech area using some of the fundamental differences between hydrogen and deuterium.

Optical fibers are widely used when transmitting data over longer distances and at higher bandwidths than traditional copper cables. Replacing the hydrogen with deuterium oxide in the fiber cables reduces the chemical reaction rate leading to deterioration of the light transmission, improves the intensity and transmission characteristics and extends the life of the cable. 

Manufacturing of duterium lamp using deuterium oxide

Fig 1.Deuterium oxide application: Deuterium lamp manufacturing

 

 

Deuterium lamp (or deuterium arc lamp) is a low-pressure gas-discharge light source often used in spectroscopy when constant and intense ultraviolet light is required.

These light sources utilize a heated tungsten filament that manufactures an arc to the anode in order to energize molecular deuterium for visible and infrared light production.

Arc lamps are remarkable for their high performance in the ultraviolet, with relatively little output in the visible and infrared. Arc lamps made with ordinary light-hydrogen provide a very similar UV spectrum to deuterium, and have been utilized as a part of UV spectroscopes. However, lamps using deuterium have a longer life span and intensity at the far end of their UV range which is three to five times that of a standard hydrogen arc bulb, at the similar temperature. Therefore, Deuterium lamps are considered a superior light source than light-hydrogen arc lamps, for the shortwave UV range.

 

Source:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium_arc_lamp

Treatment of semiconductor devices using deuterium oxide

Fig 1.Deuterium oxide can be used to treat semiconductor devices

 

Deuterium oxide or heavy water is used in the production of deuterium gas, a form of naturally occurring pure hydrogen. Chemical formula of deuterium gas is ²H₂ or D₂ and its pure form is rarely seen in the nature.

Deuterium (D₂) and deuterium-substituted gases are used in the manufacture of silicon semiconductors and microchips through the process of deuterium-protium exchange.

Semiconductor device annealing process with deuterium at super atmospheric pressures reduces of the effects of hot carrier stress and improves the operating characteristics. This significantly enhances the life cycle of semiconductors and microchips. It enables chips to be made smaller, have high circuit densities and have a longer life cycle.

 

Source:

https://www.google.com/patents/US6833306

Deuterium oxide definition

Deuterium oxide or heavy water (D₂O) is a form of water that is composed of deuterium and oxygen. Deuterium, also called heavy hydrogen is an isotope of hydrogen with a nucleus consisting of one proton and one neutron, which is double the mass of the nucleus of ordinary hydrogen. The presence of deuterium gives the chemical different nuclear properties, and the increase of mass gives it different physical and chemical properties compared to normal "light water".

Fig 1. Heavy water and water chemical structures

Ordinary water as obtained from most natural sources contains about one deuterium atom for every 6,760 ordinary hydrogen atoms. and the residual water is thus enriched in deuterium content. The heavy water produced is used as a moderator of neutrons in nuclear power plants. In the laboratory heavy water is employed as an isotopic tracer in studies of chemical and biochemical processes.

Table 1. Physical properties of deuterium oxide

Properties	D2O (Heavy water)	H2O (Light water)
Freezing point	3.82 °C (38.88 °F)	0.0 °C (32 °F)
Boiling point	101.4 °C (214.5 °F)	100.0 °C (212 °F)
Density at STP (g/mL)	1.1056	0.9982
Temp. of maximum density	11.6 °C	3.98 °C[10]
Dynamic viscosity (at 20 °C, mPa·s)	1.2467	1.0016
Surface tension (at 25 °C, N/m)	0.07187	0.07198
Heat of fusion (kJ/mol)	6.132	6.00678
Heat of vaporisation (kJ/mol)	41.521	40.657
pH (at 25 °C)	7.44 ("pD")	7.0
pKb (at 25 °C)	7.44 ("pKb D2O")	7.0
Refractive index (at 20 °C, 0.5893 μm)	1.32844	1.33335

 

Source: 

https://www.britannica.com                 

https://en.wikipedia.org